Nehemiah’s Leadership Skills

Nehemiah was the son of Hacaliah and he was also the cupbearer of the Persian king Artaxerxes. He was putting on a sad face and the king did not like that and asked him why he was sad, though afraid he answered that the city in which his fathers had been buried was a ruin so then he asked permission to go and rebuild the it. He played a decisive role in the rebuilding of Judah. In 444 B. C. the king appointed Nehemiah governor of Judah under the Persian Empire and permitted him to go to Jerusalem in order to help his fellow Jews. Upon his arrival Nehemiah secretly inspected the city walls which were still in ruins. This became known to his two arch-enemies, Sanballat and Tobiah, who repeatedly acted to foil his plans for rebuilding the walls (Neh 2:17-20); but despite their active opposition, Nehemiah succeeded in his building project, completing the work in 52 days (Neh chaps. 3-4), and stationed guards at the city gates and also enforced several of the laws, such as the payment due to the Levites, the observance of the Sabbath and the abolition of mixed marriages. He concluded his memoirs with a prayer to God to remember to his credit all of his efforts to strengthen divine law within Jerusalem . In order to repopulate Jerusalem, the number of whose inhabitants had dwindled greatly, he ordered that one out of every ten Jews should take up residence in the capital. He also instituted a series of religious and social reforms including the commitment to avoid intermarriage, the cancellation of debts owed by the poor, the support of the Temple cult, and the payment of tithes drawn up and sealed in a covenant (Neh chap. 10) and he then returned to Persia. After Nehemiah was given the permission to go and rebuild the city we see that he had some leadership qualities which helped him in the rebuilding process. Let us look at some few leadership skills which helped to navigate Nehemiah in the rebuilding of the city. Firstly and foremost, Nehemiah put God first and let Him lead him through prayer: The Book of Nehemiah starts and ends with prayer. And in between, Nehemiah often sends up quick prayers to heaven and asks for God’s help. â€Å"Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers,† said Phillips Brooks. â€Å"Pray for powers equal to your tasks. One mark of true spiritual leaders is their honest acknowledgment of their own inadequacy and their humble trust in the power of God He had courage: We can see that Nehemiah had courage firstly when he courageously told the king why he was sad and the king did not like to see sad faces and also he also took that opportunity to ask the king permission to go and rebuild the city and finally taking on the task of rebuilding the city shows that he had courage. Also . After the Israelites had begun rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem, some opposition arose from other occupants within the Palestine area. Nehemiah remained steadfast and courageous and rallied his people to continue the work He was determined: Nehemiah was determined because the work he was doing was a great work and he was serving a great God. He was determined because the city was in great reproach, and he wanted it to bring great glory to God. He was determined because he was part of a great plan that God had for the world as He worked through the Jewish nation. So, the next time you feel like quitting, remember Nehemiah and stay on the job until the work is finished to the glory of God. He had vision and saw the greatness of the work: No matter what God has called you to do, it’s a great work because it’s part of the building of His church; and that’s the greatest work in the world. If you lose the greatness of a vision, you will begin to cut corners in your work, stop making sacrifices, and start looking for something else to challenge you. Nehemiah realized that what he was doing was far bigger than simply repairing gates and rebuilding walls. He was serving the Lord God of heaven and getting the holy city ready for the coming of the Messiah! He submitted to authority: The call of God is not an invitation to become independent and ignore authority. Nehemiah respected the king and submitted his plans to him for his approval before he went to Jerusalem. Even more, Nehemiah submitted to the authority of the Word of God. He invited Ezra to teach the Law to the people so that they too would obey the will of God. It is a basic rule of life that those who exercise authority must themselves be under authority. Nehemiah was a man who was dependable because he was accountable. He was organized in his work: He planned his work and worked his plan, and God blessed him. We can see this when the king asked him how he would do it, he asked the king if he could have letters to the governors of Trans-Euphrates so that he would be provided for protection. Also, he wanted the kings approval to go to Asaph (the keeper of the king’s forest) so that he would be given timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel by the temple and for the city wall and the residence he would occupy, this shows that he had planned how he would start the building of the temple. He had passion: An important leadership principle displayed by Nehemiah was a deep passion for his God, his people, and his homeland. He heard of the destruction of the wall in Jerusalem and became overwhelmed with grief for the disgrace of God and his countrymen. This grief ignited a passion within Nehemiah to ask permission from his master to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the wall of the city. He was evaluative: Another important leadership principle shown by Nehemiah was that an effective leader evaluates a situation before acting. Nehemiah had received permission from his master to return to Jerusalem. When he arrived the first thing he did was to quietly take a private tour around the city wall to assess the damage and formulate a plan for rebuilding it. He enlisted others to work: An aspect of leadership principle displayed by Nehemiah was that effective leaders recruit and delegate responsibility to others. After Nehemiah had assessed the situation and formulated a plan of attack, he shared his plan with others and allowed them to help him with the work. Effective managers realize their need for others and that it takes many hands to accomplish a great task. He knew how to handle bad news: Life is full of bad news. It could be a small disappointment to a catastrophic occurrence, but when bad news comes your way, how do you respond? A strong leader is not only able to take the bad news, but wants to know it. Sticking your head in the sand is a sure sign of immaturity and lack of trust in God. He inspired camaraderie to people: One of the main leadership principles shown by Nehemiah was that effective leaders inspire camaraderie among his people. As mentioned above, Nehemiah led his people in the face of intense opposition; yet, by his leadership, the people did not run away, but continued the work until it was finished. They worked together with one person rebuilding his section of the wall, while his partner stood guard to protect him from attack. He shared what he had: Another leadership tenet displayed by Nehemiah was that top level managers share the rewards of success with their people. Effective leaders are kind and generous. Nehemiah demonstrated this trait by standing up for the poor against extortion and inviting large parties of people to eat at his table each meal. He stood fast on core values: We can see that Nehemiah stood fast in core values in that after the wall had been rebuilt, the Israelite people began to do things that were not pleasing to God. Nehemiah was deeply upset by this and called his people to account. References Henrietta C. Mears, What the bible is all about, Gospel Light Publications, U. S. A, 1998. Holy bible, New Revised Standard, U. S. A, 1989 The Holy Bible, New International Version, The Bible Society in Australia Inc Publishers, 1984. Richard H. Seume, Nehemiah, God’s Builder, Moody Press, Chicago, U. S. A, 1978 HOW I WOULD APPLY NEHEMIAH’S LEADRSHIP SKILLS IN MY OWN LIFE Firstly the most important leadership skill Nehemiah had according to me is that he put God first and let him lead him through prayer so I would use this skill by talking to God before facin g any situation and the reason I say this is an important leadership skill is because it is through this skill that we may get every other skill that follows. This way God will help you to do the task at hand. Also we see that also had something important and that was courage, so this helps me because I know courage is an important quality in a leader so I ask God for courage when tackling my tasks. Another thing is that I have to be determined to complete the task so that incase there as may occur any push back determination will lead you into completing the task and to do it well too. Something else that had was his vision we should also have vision in the work we are doing and we should like Nehemiah notice that the work we are doing has a higher purpose that what we look at directly, we can see that Nehemiah was not only rebuilding the walls but in depth was serving the lord and getting it ready for the messiah Jesus Christ. Another aspect in Nehemiah’s leadership qualities is his submitting to authority this shows we should respect and follow authority and not act like we are above it. We should also look at Nehemiah’s quality of self organization this shows me that in order for me to be a good leader or perform a task at my level best I should plan for my work as this will help you in accomplishing your goal. Another quality that Nehemiah displayed was passion, we should this to make us also have passion and this means we should have heart on what we do and do it with satisfaction. Again we see that Nehemiah was evaluative this means we should also follow this example by evaluating situation before jumping into conclusions and fully assessing them doing this will help you to perform the job effectively. Another thing is that like Nehemiah we should also entrust others with work this is done by delegating jobs to others tis shows that you trust them and this improves relation among workers. In many times there are always bad news so we need to know how to handle the bad news and we should talk to God to help us cope with them. As leaders we should inspire camaraderie among people this will strengthen our bonds and be able to look out for each other. To better ourselves using Nehemiah’s leadership quality of sharing what we have with others makes us better people and we should not look down upon people but treat them equally. In motivating others, we must always present the challenge and the benefit. I find that people really love to be challenged, to push the envelope and do what looks difficult or impossible. Presented in the right way, it will motivate people to join. And lastly as Nehemiah did, we should stand firm on core values and not be swayed to do the wrong things that would not please God but do God’s will.

Guide to Survivng

Guide to surviving the A200 exam Exams can be daunting but with the right preparation you can remove some of the stress. Start by thinking about the purpose of the exam and the skills and knowledge it will test. The A200 exam tests your knowledge of the module and the skills you have learnt during your study. You have already practiced these in your assignments. Part 1 of the Exam tests your ability to analyse a source. You did this in TMA 01 and TMA 03 and in the activities in the module blocks.Part 2 tests your ability write an essay in response to a question. You have practiced this in TMA 02 to TMA 05. Part 3 asks you to answer a question about one of the course themes. You practised this in TMA 06. The big difference between the exam and the TMA is the time constraint: you have to answer questions that you have not seen beforehand in timed conditions. You can prepare for this by revising the skills and topics that you have studied in A200 and by familiarising yourself with the s ort of questions that will come up.Exam preparation Familiarise yourself with the exam: study the Specimen Exam Paper and the Advanced Notification of Texts and Topics so that you know how the exam paper will be set out and the sorts of questions that will come up. Think about the format of the paper and the kinds of essays you are required to write. The A200 Exam has three parts. Each part requires you to write a slightly different type of answer in response to a question. For Part 1 you have to answer a question based on a source.Part 2 requires you to write a traditional essay in response to a question on one of the blocks and Part 3 asks you to write an essay that considers the course themes over two or more blocks of the module. Use the Advance Notification to focus your revision. This tells you which blocks will be examined in Parts 1 and 2. It also gives you a hint of the topic that will come up in relation to the module themes in Part 3. Revise. There are no hard and fast ru les on how to do this. You need to find out what works for you. There are revision tips on the Skills for OU Study website: http://www. pen. ac. uk/skillsforstudy/. Remember to refresh your understanding of skills such as how to analyse a source and how to construct an argument with evidence, as well as the themes and topics you have studied. Practice writing by hand under a time constraint. If you use computers a lot you may not be used to writing by hand. Seeing how much you can write in an hour will help you to pace yourself on the day. Remember the longest answers are not necessarily the best. Focused essays that clearly address the question, regardless of length, usually get the best marks.Also remember that writing an essay on a computer, when you can draft and redraft, is not the same process as writing a one-off exam answer. You are advised, therefore, to practice answering exam questions by hand, in the allotted time, to ensure you can develop a good structure, organise you r material and develop a coherent argument in such circumstances On the day Don’t panic. Take time to read through the paper. Follow the rubric. Read the instructions on the front of the exam paper and make sure you follow them.Remember you have to answer one question from each of the three parts. Remember also that there should be no significant overlap in the content of your different answers. You can answer questions in any order. You might want to start with the question you are most confident with. This may help you to get going. Answer the question set. Don’t be tempted to include irrelevant material or write an answer to a question you had hoped would have come up. Structure your answer carefully. Take time to write a plan. Make sure your answer has an introduction, middle and a conclusion.Construct an argument with evidence, don’t simply narrate or describe a series of events or, in the case of Part 1, recount the contents of the document. Pull out the s ignificance of the points you make and show their relevance to the question. Manage your time effectively. Don’t spend too long on one question and risk running out of time on others. You will need to spend about an hour on each question. Answer all the questions. A weak answer to a question will gain more marks than no answer at all. If you run out of time make a brief note of the key points you wanted to include. In summaryExams are an essential aspect of degree level study. They test your knowledge of the module and the skills you have learnt throughout your study. Remember you have already practiced these skills in your assignments. In your TMAs you will have learnt how to construct an argument with evidence, evaluate sources and understand and engage with historical debates. The big difference in the exam is the time constraint. Familiarising yourself with the layout of the paper, revising topics and reminding yourself of the skills you need to demonstrate will help you to respond better to unseen questions in timed conditions.

Commercialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commercialization - Essay Example Whereas it might be expected that international expansion is very much the same creature as compared with the mistake and/or regional expansion, the fact of the matter is that an entirely new level of considerations must be taken into account. Accordingly, the first section of this analysis will discuss some of the key implications and considerations that must be taken into account with regards to launch any product internationally (Bewayo 7). Likewise, the second section of this analysis will focus upon identifying and discussing the concept of time to market with respect to the commercialization planet value creation of the given product line or business entity. As a function of analyzing this information, it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain more clear and definitive understanding of some of the salient issues and pitfalls involving international product launch and far-reaching impacts that even minute levels of time-to-market issues can have in affecting overal l profitability and levels of competitive edge that may otherwise be experience. The first and most salient issue that must be discussed with regards to launching a new product line within an international scope is with respect to the fact that stakeholders within the international community will most certainly not integrate with the product or service to the stain extent or to the same level that domestic consumers have thus far exhibited (Anyim et al. 59). Business history is littered with examples of highly successful domestic firms that experienced monstrous international failure due to the fact that they did not perform the needed market research within the international target market. Rather, they were complicit and comfortable with merely utilizing the market knowledge and response mechanisms that domestic consumers have illustrated within the past; blending them to experience the pitfall of what an uninformed and ultimately arrogant foreign firm could experience in a global market (Ozer 477). As such, seeking to perform due diligence with regards to the marketing approach and spending the necessary amount of time and money that is required to gain a level of inference with regards to the way in which consumers from different cultures, religions, languages, and other factors might respond. Although this is a time-consuming approach, one that necessarily has an impact upon the second determinate which will be discussed below, it nonetheless is extraordinarily important in order for the business, organization, or entity to achieve a level of international as well as domestic set (Bewayo 493). The second determinate that this brief analysis will consider is with regards to discussing and identifying the concept of time-to-market with respect to the commercialization plan. Depending on the particular business and product/service that is offered, time-to-market is an extraordinarily important factor. If one considers the case of Samsung, even the most ingeni ous designs and levels of technology included within such a design are ultimately obsolete very soon after they are created. As such, time-to-market is something that Samsung, and firms similar to it, must consider at the very tip of their decision-making hierarchy (Ball et al. 3137). However, firms that are less time sensitive have the ability to analyze the market and perform research to a more effective degree prior to jumping into a situation that

Film Analysis and Its Applications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Analysis and Its Applications - Assignment Example To some viewers, they cause a surge of adrenalin as excitement increases (Pribram, 2012). However, the events that may appear as mere entertainment for a mature mind may have lasting effects on younger minds. Research shows that children who watch action movies filled with violence end to grow up to be aggressive individuals (American Psychological Association, n.d.). Such people do not believe in dialogue as a tool for problem solving (Escobar-Chaves & Anderson, 2008). Instead, they resort to violence to punish those who have wronged them. An example is American Psycho, which is a 2000 film that contains numerous scenes of violence, profanities, drug use and sexuality. Teenagers who watch such kind of movies tend to have loose morals. Watching of such movies is reflected in today’s society by the increase in violence and teenage pregnancies (Browne, & Hamilton-Giachritsis, 2005). Therefore, film plays a significant role in shaping the society. American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Violence in the Media — Psychologists Study TV and Video Game Violence for Potential Harmful Effects. Retrieved from

The Island of Palm - USA and Netherland Case Study

The Island of Palm - USA and Netherland - Case Study Example United States came to know about their consideration when a functionary of United States travelled to the Island of Palmas, in 1906. As the island had already been ceded to the United States by Spain based on which the United States laid claim over reign over the island. This was informed to the Netherlands by the United States so as to solve the case diplomatically through mutual agreement. However, the island had been possessed by Netherlands for more than 200 years which led the the Dutch Government to claim sovereignty over the island. Netherlands was informed about the Treaty of Paris in 1899 but that could not let the country to observe the boundary line of the Philippines. The United States and the Netherlands submitted the claims regarding the issue of possession of the island to the Permanent Court of Arbitration as both the parties could not reach to an agreement bilaterally (The Island of Palmas, The Hague Justice Portal). For the arbitration of the case submitted, the Swi ss Lawyer, Max Huber was appointed with the agreement of both the countries.2 This paper critically analyses the claims laid by the parties, the proceedings of the case and the decision of arbitrator regarding which state owns the Island of Palms territory. The United States laid claim over sovereignty of the island through legitimate treaties as being the country which was ceded the island from its discoverer that is Spain. Whereas, Netherlands claimed that there is still no evidence of discovery or any other kind of possession of island by Spain. Since Netherlands have exercised the sovereignty over the island since year 1677, so even if Spain had acquired a title of ownership by discovering the island, such title has essentially been lost. The claim laid by the United States was based on cession of the island by the one who first saw the island and

Using the I Can Problem Solve Program Research Proposal

Using the I Can Problem Solve Program - Research Proposal Example ICPS Program teaches the critical thinking skills children require to solve problems on their own. After receiving this program, children learn to generate solution and alternative solutions to problems. They learn to go one step ahead and think of the situation that will arise once the decision is taken. Ability to plan properly the steps to be taken to reach the main goal is developed on their own. How? Here, students are helped to solve problems on their own by using real life situations and using fun and exciting methods such as using colorful pictures, puppets etc. Discussions among groups of students and role plays are also done during the program to help them understand and come up with various solutions and alternative solutions to situational problems .They are then allowed to find out for themselves which would be the best solution to the problem considering the consequences. The program teaches students basic skills and problem solving language. They learn word concepts, how to identify problems, come up with solutions, find out factors behind problems, generate alternate solutions and also study consequences. Children learn to be sensitive. They recognize not only one’s own feelings but also others. Children tend to be empathetic and understand problems others face from their point of view. And hence they are able to respond to others problems and influence th eir responses in turn. Children become better decision makers. Many role plays are conducted during this program enacting problematic situations. They are requested to come up with solutions and alternative solutions to such situational problems. And they finally choose the best solution on their own after studying the consequences to their decisions. This enables them to manage and solve everyday problems more effectively. Relating lessons learned to other areas, extension activities, activity sheets and other interactive activities are included.

Emotion and Perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emotion and Perception - Essay Example Once we have such level of awareness, we can then proceed to doing things that would be helpful to us in the future. For example, if we shall be able to identify, in light of these three factors, what causes us to be angry, we can be able to reduce the instances that we are angry. Therefore, studying these things is very important. For the purpose of this paper, we shall examine the different roles that sensation, perception, and emotion play in social interactions. By reading Jeffrey Zaslow's article "Pursuits: Happiness Inc," we shall try to situate these factors using three examples from the article: At David's Bridal, management believes the usual theory that the happier the workers are, the better are their performance. This is actually debatable, and many studies have been conducted on this area, but we shall not discuss whether this is true or not. We shall just assume this for the purposes of discussion. Zaslow (2006) cites in his article the study conducted by Positive Psychologist Martin Seligman about the direct proportionality of resilience and happiness. Thus, David's Bridal made a decision that if it wants its sales people to be happy, it must train them to be resilient. To encourage resilience, Zaslow reports, these sales people were taught to focus on the things "that would bring them joy." People perceive things differently. ... With that in mind, no specific instruction was given to the sales people of David's Bridal. Just focus on what will give them joy. Individual differences play on what will make someone resilient and happy. Different strokes of perception and emotion for different folks. These sales people were also taught about "emotion regulation," "impulse control," and "learned optimism." (Zaslow 2006) Emotion Regulation helps them not to be frustrated when it appears that a bride will not buy from them, or that they were unable to close a deal. Impulse control is another aspect of emotional intelligence. By having control on their emotions, such sales people are better able to draw on their creative energy and think of ways to handle their difficulties well. Whirlpool and Sensory Logic For this section, Whirlpool is intertwined with Sensory Logic. Whirlpool hired Sensory Logic to test its products before launching them to the market. Sensory Logic studies the reaction of their subjects by videotaping them. In this case, Sensory Logic was able to determine whether a particular subject is happy or not based on indicators as quick as a millisecond. According to the article (Zaslow 2006), Sensory Logic studied how subjects sensed and perceived the geometric patterns of the Duet products of Whirlpool. Accordingly, Sensory Logic was able to determine whether a particular subject was lying or not. Zaslow further adds that this is better than a focus group. Subjects provided information that Whirlpool needed, not what subjects think that Whirlpool wants to hear. In the end, Whirlpool changed some patterns in their products based on the feedback they got. Therefore, we are able to see that the roles of sensation, perception, and emotion played on the success of Whirlpool a s a

JUS 104 Joun 6-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

JUS 104 Joun 6-3 - Essay Example The security professionals also assist the travelers by giving them directions when they get lost within the premises. These people also have a primary responsibility of taking calls and responding to emergencies such as alarms. The other very important role played by the security officers at the airport is to search the luggage of the travelers for dangerous weapons using sophisticated equipment. They also closely monitor the movement of all people to make sure that they are not bent on committing any crime. On the other hand, security professionals operating within an airport also play other secondary roles such as communicating information related to security concerns to their supervisors. The security personnel may also raise alarm and contact the police in the event that they witness something fishy within the premises. These people are also responsible for coordinating their efforts with other law enforcement agents so as to ensure that maximum security is provided at the

How the proliferation of nonprofit organizations impacts strategic Essay

How the proliferation of nonprofit organizations impacts strategic management - Essay Example This discussion elaborates strategic management of a nonprofit organization and the impacts it has on management. The word NGO covers an extraordinarily wide range of other organizations close to civil society, ranging from political groups to sports club. NGO executes different roles; it has different rooting when historical events and geographical locations are considered. The non-profit organization is defined as groupings encompassing a function of relieving sufferings from destitute people, and with a dependability of developing communities, creation of social services and protection of the environment. For an organization to be called non-profit organization, there are some appreciable rules. It should always be set up privately and autonomously. It should define its voluntary character, not a political party, and lastly, should always support all development that characterizes its public attention (Kohm & Piana, 2003). Nevertheless, most if not all NGOs depends on the employees who will be volunteering to manage their functions and program, hence the organization is not able to control a satisfactory quality (Agard, 2011). Some of the impact that affects strategic management is supporting the country’s reforms and roles to create surety that there is conspicuous direction and strategy of how to reach their aims and objectives in a certain period. For example, Ditshwanelo had both the mission and the vision statement that exactly reflect business of protecting human right. Democracy and excellent governance are the main aspects of management in the majority of organizations. Many countries in Africa are devoid of egalitarian activities, accountability and transparency, leading to pitiable

Case study,I will have to attach a copy of the case.the name of the Study

,I will have to attach a copy of the .the name of the file will be - Case Study Example A tort occurs as a result of a person’s duty to others which is created by one or more laws. A person who perpetrates a tort is referred to as a wrongdoer or a tortfeaser. A wrongdoing act of tort is referred to as a tortuous act (Stuhmcke 56). The principle goal of the law of tort is compensation of victims or their dependants. The generic pattern of tort comprises of an act or omission by the defendant which causes damage to the plaintiff. The damage has to be caused by the fault of the defendant, and the fault must be a form of harm acknowledged as attracting legal liability. The model of determining whether a tort occurred follows the act or omission leads to causation and faults a person’s protected interests, which results in personal damage and injury (Stuhmcke 60). By suing Dangerfield, continental and Sandman Corporation on basis of negligence, Hartman has to prove several things in a court of law. One, Hartman must prove that the three defendants owed her a du ty of care. This concept is grounded in the ruling of the Donologhue v Stevenson case (1932) where the House of Lords turned down a previous law in which liability for careless behavior existed only in a number of separate, specified circumstances. The House of Lords asserted that general duty entails taking reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which one can reasonably foresee would likely injure your neighbor. A Neighbor in this context refers to persons who are so closely and directly affected by a another’s act that they ought to have them in contemplation as being so affected when another is directing his/her mind to the acts or omissions which are called into question (McLaughlin 63). In addition to establishing a duty of care, Hartman must further prove that the damage she suffered was foreseeable. This concept was advanced in Caparo v. Dickman (1990) case where it must be established that there was proximity between herself and the three companies. Contributory n egligence defense In this case, Dangerfield, continental and Sandman Corporations have a defense in that they did owe a duty of care to Hartman. However, Hartman was not responsible for her own safety as she was negligent by walking in front of her car knowingly. As such, the three corporations can establish that Hartman was negligent and it is for that reason that she suffered the accident. Moreover, the defendants have a defense that Hartman did not read the contents of the receipt that indicated that the management was not responsible for damages incurred by valet parking customers. This concept is generally referred to as the plaintiff’s default or contributory negligence. For this defense to be relied, the defendants have to show that Hartman is to blame for her suffering. Dangerfield, continental and Sandman Corporations must prove that; Hartman exposed herself to the danger of being hit by walking in front of her car Hartman was negligent Hartman’s negligence/fa ult contributed to her suffering. These conditions have been met as explained above. Although contributory negligence is a popular defense in tort, the defense does not free the defendants from liability. It acts to reduce the amount of damages payable y the defendant to the extent of the plaintiff’s contribution. Once Hartman establishes that the three companies owed her a duty of care, she has to prove that the defendants were at fault. That means that Dangerfield, cont

Comparison and contrast of project definitions Essay Example for Free

Comparison and contrast of project definitions Essay A project is a sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities that have one goal or purpose and that must be completed by a specific time, within budget, and according to specification. Second definition is given by Wysocki as a â€Å"Business-focused† one, and will be referred as such hereinafter. Business-focused definition of a project: A project is a sequence of finite dependent activities whose successful completion results in the delivery of the expected business value that validated doing the project. Though both definitions may seem similar in nature, there are also marked differences. First of all, both definitions outline a sequence of activities that must be completed. When common definition describes them as â€Å"unique, complex and connected†, business-focused approach is about â€Å"finite and dependent† activities, uniqueness and complexity of which are implied. Usage of â€Å"dependent† instead of â€Å"connected† is justified, since activities may be connected artificially without any technical relationship between them. On the contrary, dependent activities are indeed technically related: the output of activity A would be input for activity B, and so on. â€Å"Finite† in business-focused definition basically implies that all activities end when project is over, therefore there is a similarity with â€Å"completed by a specific time† part of a common definition. Secondly, both definitions outline some project constraints, though in different ways. â€Å"Successful completion† involves completion â€Å"by a specific time, within budget† from common definition, so there’s the second similar trait. However, here lies the most important difference. When common definition describes activities completion as goal/purpose achievement, business-focused one speaks about expected business value that a sequence of activities must deliver. Broadly speaking, business-focused definition supposes that specification, time limits and budget of a project all can be subject to change due to business world dynamics, high levels of uncertainty, or some other causes. Therefore a sequence of activities can only be defined as a project if it delivers expected business value to the customer. It’s an important issue that is omitted by common project definition.

Financial Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Financial Information Systems Essay INTRODUCTION Financing is the important function of every business organizations, Computer based financial information systems(FIS) support financial managers in decisions concerning. The financing of business, the allocation and control of financial resources. What is finance ? Finance is the art and science of managing money. Virtually all individuals and organisations earn or rise money and spend or invest money. Finance is concerned with the process, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments. Major FIS Categories Include Cash investment management Capital budgeting Financial forecasting Financial planning Cash Management Collect information on all cash receipts and disbursements with in a company on a real time or periodic basis. This helps the business to deposit or invest excess funds more quickly. for cash flow forecasts. to determine cash collection programs and alternative financing or investments strategies with forecasted cash deficits or surplus. Online Investment Management Helps to financial management The process of buying, selling, or holding each type of security so that an optimum mix of securities is developed that minimizes risk and maximizes investment income for the business. Capital Budgeting Process of evaluating the profitability and financial impact of processed capital expenditures. Techniques in capital budgeting Payback Period (PBP) Net present value (NPV) Internal rate of return (IRR) Spreadsheets are heavily used for this process incorporates present value analysis of expected cash flows and probability analysis of risk to determine the optimum mix of capital. Financial Forecasting Planning Financial forecasts concerning to †¦ Economic situation Business operations Type of financing available Interest rates Stock and bond prices Software’s used in FIS 1.Sage Accpac ERP Sage Accpac ERP offers the freedom of choice, seamless integration, high performance, and reliability that forward-thinking companies rely on to increase profitability and gain competitive advantage. Advantages Completely Web-Based Easy To Use and Customize Total Investment Protection Designed for Global Business Hundreds of Industry-Specific Solutions 2.SAP The e-commerce functionality in the SAP ® Business One application will help you bring your business to the public with a set of Web design tools that enable you to build and customize your online store. Create an online catalog where customers, salespeople, and partners can easily access your  products. Manage everything from taxes to inventory to pricing through a Web-based interface, all synchronized with SAP Business One. 3.Greentree Greentree’s main users are medium sized businesses, but it is also successfully used by many larger organizations. The Green tree product is seamlessly scalable to support the whole spectrum of businesses from a small team to many hundreds of users. Features: Greentree is built around a core financial system, with seamless integration across distribution, job costing, manufacturing etc. The modular design will enable to implement a basic financial solution and add modules as the business grows or grows in complexity, or install a complete business management package from the outset. Greentree delivers both Windows-based and Linux-based software 4.Microsoft Dynamics AX Designed for mid-size and larger companies, It is a multi language, multicurrency enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution. Its core strengths are in manufacturing and e-business, and  it includes strong functionality for the wholesale and services industries. includes applications for financial management, customer relationship management, supply chain management, human resource management, project management, and analytics. It integrates with widely-familiar Microsoft products such as Microsoft SQL Server, BizTalk Server, Exchange, Office, and Windows. Employees can work with tools that they’re already familiar. Financial Management Microsoft Dynamics AX delivers a range of financial capabilities for companies to consolidate accounts with subsidiaries or distribution centres, no matter where they are located. 5.SAP Business One SAP Business One provides you with instant access to your critical business information – when you need it to run your business. This comprehensive application covers all your core operations, giving you keen insight, so you  can confidently make informed business decisions. Features: All aspects of business become more agile, including administration, customer relationship management, operations, distributions, and financials. Helps in Accounting and Financials, Budgeting, Banking, Financial Reporting, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Business partner management.

Judiciary in a democracy

Judiciary in a democracy What is the role of the judiciary in a democracy? This work is going to examine the way judiciary works and operates in a democracy. Judiciary has definitely a very significant role in a democracy as it shapes and interprets the laws. Key roles and features of the judiciary will be discussed in this work. There will be some theories looked over at and some real life examples as well. First of all, the meaning of the term ‘judiciary needs to be established. Judiciary is ‘the branch of government that is empowered to decide legal disputes and adjudicate on the meaning of the law (Heywood, 2007:452). Democracy on its hand has the roots in Ancient Greece as even the word itself has Greek parts e.g. demos for ‘the people and kratos for ‘power. The word democracy has a lot of meanings nowadays and may not have any meaning to some people at the same time (Heywood, 2007). In this essay the word ‘democracy is going to be used in the context of ‘a system of government that serves the interests of the people regardless of their participation in political life (Heywood, 2007:72). As it was discussed in class the role of the judiciary is as follows: * Protect the constitution * Look after government and parliament * Expound the constitution and laws The key feature of judiciary in a democracy is its complete independence from government. For judges being nonpolitical is essential as well. They must be neutral in order to be legal (Heywood, 2007). Neutrality is ‘the absence of any form of partisanship or commitment (Heywood, 2007:329). Often not only the judicial independence in a democracy is the case, but the external pressure can sometimes take place. Heywood argues that in this case it ‘is not so much how judges are recruited, but who is recruited (Heywood, 2007). Judges may sometimes be the subject to internal bias and external bias. Internal bias occurs when judges may have personal preferences and cant be neutral in their decisions. External bias may occur when someone else may put pressure on the judge or put at risk his/her employment, it is said that the external bias is controlled by the principle of ‘judicial independence. It gives a suggestion that judges cant be dismissed and that the amount of cri ticism towards judges work is constrained. In reality judges tend to be dependent on certain circumstances as political bodies often have control over certain key issues e.g. judge recruitment (Heywood, 2007). As it is seen from Heywood, judges are not always neutral and therefore in a real democracy can influence the final decision in both ways. Kathleen Sullivan, the past Dean of the Stanford Law School, agrees to the statement of judiciary being the protector of constitution: ‘ It seems obvious that the court system especiallyjudicial review of the acts of the legislative and executive branches of government is, in one way,a bulwark of our constitutional democracy. The court protectscertain minority rights from being trampled by the majority, protects the basic liberty and participatory rights of all, and checks the excesses of the other branches of government.Thats all well and good and crucial for democratic self governance (http://theblog.philosophytalk.org/2007/02/democracy_and_t.html). Kathleen adds another point about judiciarys role in a democracy that we did not look at during the class: judiciary protects minorities and makes them less vulnerable to the majorities choices. Judges expounding the law and constitution have a very important role in a democracy. Many things and even lives depend on the way a judge interprets the law at that moment. Heywood states that every judge uses law in his/her own way, interprets and builds up the argument in court: ‘†¦judges impose meaning on law through a process of ‘construction that forces them to choose amongst a number of possible meanings or interpretations. In this sense, all law is judge-made law (Heywood, 2007: 330). In real life judiciary can be very contradictory. It can be observed from different angle and be seen in a different ways by different parties. For example the X case in Ireland caused a lot of confrontation. The case was about a 14 year old girl who was raped and got pregnant and wanted to go to England to have an abortion. However, she was refused to go by the High court. Later the case was solved by the appeal from the Supreme Court which stated that if there was a risk to mothers life as the result of pregnancy as there was a suicide possibility. As the result there were three amendments proposed to the constitution of Ireland. One of them argued to remove suicide threat from the grounds for the legitimate abortion and was then rejected. Other two were ratified and these are thirteenth and fourteenth amendments (http://www.ifpa.ie/eng/Hot-Topics/Abortion/Abortion-in-Ireland-Legal-Timeline). This case shows how different judges can build their arguments and interpret the law in di fferent ways and, for sure, influence the final decision. Some people have mixed feelings about the way how judges are elected in a democracy. First of all they are elected just like politicians, so it makes judges political what interferes with judges being ‘strictly independent and nonpolitical actors (Heywood, 2007:328). It is thought that appointing judges is better than electing them as they are maybe more independent than the elected ones (http://theblog.philosophytalk.org/2007/02/democracy_and_t.html). Another case is the demographical representation of the judges in democratic countries. As it was discussed in the class about 80% of all the judges in Ireland attended UCD. Most of the judges in Britain are white young males with private education (http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jan/28/uk.immigrationpolicy1). There was an attempt to change this pattern and encourage women and members of the minority groups to become judges to have a more diverse judiciary. The launch of the independent Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) in 2006 was meant to herald an end to the old tap on the shoulder method of recruitment and secret soundings among existing judges, which produced a senior judiciary that was almost exclusively white and male (http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jan/28/uk.immigrationpolicy1). Unfortunately, this new method of recruitment did not work as well: ‘But a Guardian review of selection shows that those appointed since last September are remarkably similar to those selected under the old process (http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jan/28/uk.immigrationpolicy1). Diversifying of the judiciary is not easy, so it will take some time, but it will certainly get to the point. In the conclusion I would like to say that judiciary certainly works in a democracy. The question is if it works fairly, correctly and totally neutrally like it must work. Judiciary protects the constitution and judges interpret the laws in court and expound constitution. Real life examples can be very contradictory and be seen in different ways by different judges e.g. the X case. Bibliography. Heywood, Andrew (2007) ‘Politics. Third Edition, Palgrave. http://theblog.philosophytalk.org/2007/02/democracy_and_t.html http://www.ifpa.ie/eng/Hot-Topics/Abortion/Abortion-in-Ireland-Legal-Timeline http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/jan/28/uk.immigrationpolicy1

Life at an All Boys School Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about my

I hadn't planned on going to a private school; in fact the idea disgusted me. My sister tried it for an entire four days, then she quit and went to a public school with all of her friends and never looked back. I guess that I thought the same thing would happen to me if I ever went to a private school. Â   In the spring of seventh grade, my parents made me take the acceptance test for McCallie, the all boys private school full of rich snobs, nerds, and especially queers. I didn't know much about the school except that none of my friends went there and all of the gossip(which turned out to be false)from my friends about turnng gay from being around only boys and no girls. Nevertheless I took the test and was excepted much to my dismay. Â   The first question that came to mind was what it would be like to go through the entire school day without seeing a single member of the opposite sex. My entire career as a student involved girls, from when I was real little and hated being chased by them on the playground, until I was the one doing the chasing. Having a girlfriend meant seeing her all day, everyday. You could really tell the boys who had girlfriends because they always came to school looking their best for their girl, the single boys came looking sloppy. Â   Before school started, I went to a McCallie-GPS dance that an old friend invited me to. Here was my chance to meet the new set of girls that I would get to know for the rest of my high school life. What a disappointment. They were nothing in comparison to the pretty Signal Mountain girls that I had grown up with since I was three. Not that they were that much more unattractive, but that their personalities were so much dif... ... of gays at McCallie as there are at these other schools, but they keep it to themselves for their own good. I guess it's more excepted when you go to a co-ed school of thousands. Â   It's hard to imagine McCallie as a co-ed school. I would probably do more staring than studying. Boys would come to school actually caring about their appearance. Perhaps the worst that would happen would be that level of learning would go down. Â   Life at an all boys school is a real learning experience. Classes without girls, boys who are different from the excepted norm are afraid to be themselves because people like me wouldn't want to be around them, and an easier and better way of learning is what a boy will find at an all boys private school. So if your a boy who plans to attend an all boys private school, don't believe everything that people say.

Individuality Vs The Perfect World :: essays research papers

Imagine the world as only beautiful people. Everywhere you look is a Cindy Crawford look-a-like: 5'9", brown hair, brown eyes, and the perfect smile. A "Master Race." Do we really want to reenact Adolf Hitler's plan of seeking world domination killing million upon millions as a "final solution?" Instead of killing, we'd be reproducing millions, going against nature. Say we went and got one of Princess Diana's cells and implanted that in an egg that was then placed into a surrogate mother. Nine months later, we would have a baby Princess Diana. Only trouble is, this baby would only resemble Princess Diana in looks, not personality, character, or individuality. Her whole life wouldn't be what it had been; she wouldn't be "her." What if your newborn son died? Just think; you could have a second chance. Is this morally or ethnically right? Cloning of humans should be forbidden, but cloning of human body parts for medicinal purposes should be allowed. Cloning hasn't been a big issue or ever thought to have actually been made to work until 1997 with the successful birth of a lamb named Dolly. Out of 277 eggs implanted in different sheep mothers, Dolly was the only lamb successfully born. The method used to clone Dolly was scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland took a cell out of the mammary gland. They then used an electrical pulse to coax an adult cell into merging with a host egg whose nucleus had been removed . This method being very unsuccessful brought on a new one where scientists used mice, injecting just the adult nucleus into a nucleus free host instead of using an electrical pulse. They also had let it set for two hours before stimulating it to start dividing. The success rate was 2-3 in 100. Now knowing that we could clone sheep and mice, scientists were up to the possibility and challenge of cloning humans. As soon as it became public knowledge that cloning was really happening and becoming more successful, the USA imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Several states have established restrictions, some even banning cloning completely. Cloning is not morally or ethnically right. Morally, scientists would be taking the role of God. If a clone dies, where would they go? In religious beliefs, clones would have no souls because God didn't create them. Cloning would alter the definition of ourselves.